Learn how to use transitive and intransitive verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to NorwegianClass101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 3 - Are the Trains Delayed in Norway? Eric Here. |
| Mai: Hei, I'm Mai. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use transitive and intransitive verbs. The conversation takes place at the train station. |
| Mai: It's between Anne and Martin. |
| Eric: The speakers are friends, and they will use both formal and informal Norwegian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| For Supervisor: All the dialogues are already recorded. There isn’t any slow version. |
| Kunngjøring: På grunn av snø på sporene er toget mot Oslo S 10 til 20 minutter forsinket. |
| Anne: Åå, ikke nå igjen? Det er alltid noe tull med togene. |
| Martin: Ja, man skulle tro de aldri hadde sett snø før, selv om vinteren kommer hvert år. Jeg kunne ha sovet lenger og fortsatt rukket toget. |
| Kunngjøring: Toget mot Oslo S ankommer plattform to om cirka 10 minutter. |
| Anne: Å, endelig kommer toget. Jeg fryser i hjel. Kan du rekke meg billetten min? |
| Kunngjøring: Se opp for mellomrommet mellom tog og plattform. Dørene stenges. |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation |
| Announcement: Due to snow on the tracks, the train to Oslo S will be 10 to 20 minutes delayed. |
| Anne: Gahh, not now again? There is always some nonsense with the trains. |
| Martin: Yeah, you might think that they've never seen snow before, even though the winter comes every year. I could have slept longer and still reached the train. |
| Announcement: The train to Oslo S will arrive at platform two in about 10 minutes. |
| Anne: Oh, finally the train comes. I'm freezing to death. Can you pass me my ticket? |
| Announcement: Mind the gap between train and platform. The doors are closing. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: What are the most common forms of public transportation in Norway? |
| Mai: In Norway, the three most common forms of public transportation are bus, train, and metro. In some areas of Norway, trams and ferries are also used. |
| Eric: I suppose that the capital, Oslo, which lies at the end of the Oslo fjord, has all of these forms of transportation. |
| Mai: It does. You should also know that delays because of weather or technical errors are very common throughout the country, but in the capital it has become a sort of joke because most of the time the delays seem to be caused by ridiculous reasons like, for example, mist and wet leaves on the tracks. |
| Eric: However I suppose that since Norway is a northern country, it is no surprise that there is a lot of snowfall. |
| Mai: Right, but every year, the public transportation suffers bad delays and cancelled departures, as if the winter was unexpected. |
| Eric: Is using public transportation convenient? |
| Mai: Well, another thing that locals seem to think of as a bad joke is the cost of public transportation – it’s considered to be too high. |
| Eric: I see. What’s the Norwegian for “delayed train”? |
| Mai: forsinket tog |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Mai: spor [natural native speed] |
| Eric: track, trace |
| Mai: spor[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mai: spor [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Mai: forsinket [natural native speed] |
| Eric: delayed |
| Mai: forsinket[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mai: forsinket [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Mai: ikke nå igjen [natural native speed] |
| Eric: not now again |
| Mai: ikke nå igjen[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mai: ikke nå igjen [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Mai: på grunn av [natural native speed] |
| Eric: due to |
| Mai: på grunn av[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mai: på grunn av [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Mai: tull [natural native speed] |
| Eric: nonsense |
| Mai: tull[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mai: tull [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Mai: å rekke [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to reach, to make it, to catch |
| Mai: å rekke[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mai: å rekke [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Mai: å fryse i hjel [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to freeze to death |
| Mai: å fryse i hjel[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mai: å fryse i hjel [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Mai: endelig [natural native speed] |
| Eric: finally |
| Mai: endelig[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mai: endelig [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Mai: mellomrom [natural native speed] |
| Eric: gap |
| Mai: mellomrom[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mai: mellomrom [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Mai: plattform [natural native speed] |
| Eric: platform |
| Mai: plattform[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mai: plattform [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Mai: å rekke |
| Eric: meaning "to reach" as in "to make it." |
| Mai: For example you can say Jeg rakk ikke bussen |
| Eric: which literally means "I didn't reach the bus," so, in other words "I didn't make it in time for the bus." |
| Mai: Here is another example, Jeg tror jeg kan rekke det. |
| Eric: ..which means "I think I can make it." Okay, what's the next word? |
| Mai: endelig |
| Eric: meaning "finally" |
| Mai: Norwegians use this a lot, especially when they're waiting for someone or something. For example, Endelig kommer maten |
| Eric: meaning "Finally the food comes." |
| Mai: Here is another example, Han ble endelig ferdig med husarbeidet. |
| Eric: .. which means "He was finally finished with the house work." Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Mai: å fryse i hjel |
| Eric: meaning "to freeze to death" |
| Mai: å fryse means "to freeze" and ihjel means "to death." |
| Eric: You can use this whenever you're really freezing. Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mai: Sure. For example, you can say.. Jeg trodde jeg skulle fryse ihjel. |
| Eric: .. which means "I thought I was going to freeze to death." Can you use a similar phrase with other verbs? |
| Mai: Ihjel can also be used with other words such as å le seg ihjel |
| Eric: meaning "to laugh oneself to death" |
| Mai: å kjede seg i hjel |
| Eric: meaning "to bore oneself to death." Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use transitive and intransitive verbs. |
| Mai: We’ll start with the transitive verbs. |
| Eric: When a verb takes a direct object, it is usually a transitive verb. Transitive verbs need to have an action verb that expresses something you can do, and a direct object that receives the action of the verb. Are there any examples in the dialogue? |
| Mai: Yes, we have fortsatt rukket toget. |
| Eric: meaning “Still reached the train.” |
| Mai: Kan du rekke meg billetten min? |
| Eric: “Can you pass me my ticket?” Mai, what are some other common transitive verbs? |
| Mai: å se |
| Eric: “to see” |
| Mai: å kjøpe |
| Eric: “to buy” |
| Mai: å vekke |
| Eric: “to wake up,” in the transitive meaning |
| Mai: å ta |
| Eric: “to take.” Let’s give some examples. |
| Mai: De bygger en ny hytte. |
| Eric: "They build a new cabin." |
| Mai: Jenta leste en bok. |
| Eric: “The girl read a book.” |
| Mai: We can also use transitive verbs in absolute terms. |
| Eric: This happens when a direct object does not follow the transitive verb. In this case, the verb simply indicates what action the subject performs. |
| Mai: Yes, for example, it’s possible to say De bygger. |
| Eric: meaning "They build.” |
| Mai: or Jenta leser. |
| Eric: “The girl reads.” Let’s now move to intransitive verbs |
| Mai: Intransitive verbs are those verbs that a direct object cannot follow. |
| Eric: In many cases, an adverb or an adverbial phrase follows. It has an action verb, but no direct object. Are there any examples in the dialogue? |
| Mai: Yes, there is Jeg fryser ihjel. |
| Eric: “I’m freezing to death.” |
| Mai: Jeg kunne ha sovet lenger |
| Eric: “I could have slept longer.” |
| Mai: These are intransitive verbs because the adverbs ihjel and lenger follows the verb. |
| Eric: What are some other common intransitive verbs? |
| Mai: å sitte |
| Eric: “to sit” |
| Mai: å gå |
| Eric: “to walk” |
| Mai: å våkne |
| Eric: “to wake up” in the intransitive meaning. Let’s also give some examples. |
| Mai: John sover i senga. |
| Eric: "John sleeps in the bed." |
| Mai: Jeg pleier å våkne når alarmen min ringer. |
| Eric: "I usually wake up when my alarm rings." |
| Mai: Norwegian also has pair verbs. |
| Eric: These are verbs that look alike, but one is transitive and the other is intransitive. |
| Mai: The transitive verbs are normally regular verbs, which are also called “weak verbs” and follow the standard conjugation. Intransitive verbs are often “strong verbs” and they have irregular conjugation. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example of these “pair verbs”? |
| Mai: Å henge – meaning “to hang.” For example, using the transitive version, you can say Jeg hengte kjolen i skapet. |
| Eric: meaning “I hang the dress in the closet.” |
| Mai: Using the intransitive version, you can say Kjolen hang i skapet. |
| Eric: “The dress hangs in the closet.” Ok let’s wrap up this lesson by looking at the imperative. We use imperative verbs to tell people what to do, to give advice, or to offer invitations. |
| Mai: You can form imperatives by dropping the last letter (-e) from the dictionary form of the verb. Negative imperatives, instead, begin with ikke meaning "not" or aldri meaning "never"). |
| Eric: Imperatives are very useful for giving directions and instructions. |
| Mai: Here is an example from the dialogue: Se opp for mellomrommet mellom tog og plattform. |
| Eric: “Mind the gap between train and platform.” |
| Mai: In this specific case the infinitive, å se, has monosyllabic ending with an e, so we can’t drop the last letter. |
| Eric: Let’s also talk about regular imperatives here. |
| Mai: For example, Å løpe, “to run,” becomes løp. Å spise, “to eat”, becomes spis, and so on. |
| Eric: Are there other rules? |
| Mai: If the infinitive ends with –kle or –dle, you can choose if you want to drop the e or not. For example, the imperative for the verb Å sykle meaning “to ride,” can be both sykl and sykle |
| Eric: Finally, let’s give some examples of the negative imperative. |
| Mai: Ikke løp i trappa. |
| Eric: “Don’t run on the stairs.” |
| Mai: Ikke sykl(e) i veien. Bruk fortauet. |
| Eric: “Don’t bicycle on the road. Use the sidewalk.” |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! |
| Mai: Ha det bra! |
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