Learn how to discuss past events in details
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to NorwegianClass101.com. This is Upper Beginner Season 1 Lesson 15 - Talking About Your Weekend in Norwegian. Eric here. |
| Ida: Hallo. I'm Ida. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the past tense. The conversation takes place outside a classroom. |
| Ida: It's between Linda and her fellow student and friend, Halvor. |
| Eric: The speakers are friends, so they'll be using informal Norwegian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Linda: Hadde du ei fin helg, Halvor? |
| Halvor: Ja, takk. Jeg gikk på kino sammen med en venn. |
| Linda: Hva slags film så dere på? |
| Halvor: Det var en action-komedie. Hva med deg da? |
| Linda: Jeg måtte studere litt på dagen på lørdag, men om kvelden gikk jeg på konsert. |
| Halvor: Hvem spilte? |
| Linda: Det var et lokalt jazzband. |
| Halvor: Gjorde du noenting på søndag? |
| Linda: Nei, jeg bare slappet av. |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| Linda: Hadde du ei fin helg, Halvor? |
| Halvor: Ja, takk. Jeg gikk på kino sammen med en venn. |
| Linda: Hva slags film så dere på? |
| Halvor: Det var en action-komedie. Hva med deg da? |
| Linda: Jeg måtte studere litt på dagen på lørdag, men om kvelden gikk jeg på konsert. |
| Halvor: Hvem spilte? |
| Linda: Det var et lokalt jazzband. |
| Halvor: Gjorde du noenting på søndag? |
| Linda: Nei, jeg bare slappet av. |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Linda: Did you have a nice weekend, Halvor? |
| Halvor: Yeah, thanks for asking. I went to the cinema with a friend. |
| Linda: What kind of movie did you see? |
| Halvor: It was an action-comedy. What about you then? |
| Linda: I had to study a bit during the day on Saturday, but in the evening I went to a concert. |
| Halvor: Who was playing? |
| Linda: It was a local jazz band. |
| Halvor: Did you do anything on Sunday? |
| Linda: No, I just relaxed. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Ida, I've heard that in Norway, as in many other countries in the world, Sunday is a holiday. |
| Ida: Right. As Norway’s roots are in Christianity, Sundays have been considered a day of rest in the country. Even nowadays, despite the busy modern lifestyle, Norwegians rest on Sundays. There’s even a special expression that’s used for this, which is Søndagsfred, |
| Eric: meaning “Sunday peace.” |
| Ida: Until recently, very few people worked on Sundays. But because of increased immigration into Norway, along with a rise in demand for shops to be open on that day, you can now find more shops that are open on Sundays than in the past, though these are mainly just supermarkets. |
| Eric: So, what do the Norwegians who have the day off do in their free time? |
| Ida: Even though Sunday is a day of rest, Norwegians like to be active and go outdoors. Another common word in Norwegian is søndagstur, which means "the Sunday trip," because Sunday is seen as the perfect day to go out for a walk in the woods with family. |
| Eric: Sounds like a great idea if the weather is good! Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Ida: helg [natural native speed] |
| Eric: weekend |
| Ida: helg[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Ida: helg [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Ida: kino [natural native speed] |
| Eric: cinema |
| Ida: kino[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Ida: kino [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Ida: venn [natural native speed] |
| Eric: friend |
| Ida: venn[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Ida: venn [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Ida: film [natural native speed] |
| Eric: film, movie |
| Ida: film[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Ida: film [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Ida: å studere [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to study |
| Ida: å studere[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Ida: å studere [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Ida: konsert [natural native speed] |
| Eric: concert |
| Ida: konsert[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Ida: konsert [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Ida: lørdag [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Saturday |
| Ida: lørdag[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Ida: lørdag [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Ida: søndag [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Sunday |
| Ida: søndag[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Ida: søndag [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Ida: å gå på |
| Eric: meaning "to go," as in go somewhere in order to do something. |
| Ida: Å gå is a verb that has a lot of meanings, but the main meaning is "to walk," or "to venture." Together with the preposition på, å gå på generally means “to go somewhere in order to do something." |
| Eric: Note that the preposition can change depending on where you're going. |
| Ida: Exactly. Examples with the preposition på include Jeg gikk på kino, |
| Eric: "I went to the cinema," |
| Ida: and Jeg gikk på date, |
| Eric: "I went on a date." What's another preposition that can be used with this verb? |
| Ida: til. For example, you can say Jeg gikk til legen, |
| Eric: "I went to the general practitioner." |
| Ida: Sometimes you can use both prepositions, but the meaning might change, so it can be a little tricky. For example, Jeg gikk til skolen means "I walked to school" but Jeg går på skolen means "I am attending school." |
| Eric: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Ida: å slappe av |
| Eric: meaning "to relax" |
| Ida: Slapp av! is a common expression meaning "Take it easy." A synonym of slappe av is the verb hvile which means "rest." |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this verb? |
| Ida: Sure. For example, you can say.. Kan du ikke bare slappe av hvis du føler deg dårlig? |
| Eric: .. which means "Can't you just relax if you're not feeling well?" Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson you'll learn to discuss past events. |
| Ida: We'll deal with the past tense for some important verbs. |
| Eric: Learning the past tense in Norwegian can be a bit daunting because there are many irregular verb endings. In this lesson, we’ll look at how to use the past tense of “to have”, “to have to”, and “to be” to discuss previous events. |
| Ida: The three verbs in Norwegian are å ha, “to have,” å måtte, “to have to,” and å være, “to be.” |
| Eric: What are they in the present tense? |
| Ida:å ha in the present is har |
| Eric: It translates as both “have” and “has.” |
| Ida: å måtte in the present is må.. |
| Eric: ..which translates as both “have to” and “has to.” |
| Ida: å være in the present is er |
| Eric: It translates as “am,” “are” and “is.” In Norwegian the verb doesn't change shape or endings based on the pronoun in any of the tenses, so once you've learned the correct conjugation, you can use it with any pronoun. Let’s see the past form of the same verbs. |
| Ida: In the same order, the past forms are hadde, måtte and var |
| Eric: respectively “had”, “had to” and “was”. Can you repeat them? |
| Ida: hadde, måtte and var |
| Eric: Now let’s take a look at the sample sentences from the dialogue. |
| Ida: We had Hadde du ei fin helg, Halvor? |
| Eric: meaning “Did you have a nice weekend?” |
| Ida: As you can see in this sentence, hadde is translated as “Did you have” in English and not “had.” |
| Eric: so literally translated it would be something like - “Had you a nice weekend Halvor?” |
| Ida: Then, in the dialogue we had Det var en action-komedie. |
| Eric: “It was an action-comedy.” |
| Ida: In this sentence var, meaning “was,” is paired with the pronoun det, in English meaning “it.” While in Norwegian det is an indefinite pronoun, in English “it” is a personal pronoun. |
| Eric: Let’s see some examples with different subjects. |
| Ida: Jeg var på biblioteket og gjorde lekser. |
| Eric: “I was at the library and did my homework.” |
| Ida: Det var mye snø på bilen i morges. |
| Eric: “There was a lot of snow on the car this morning.” |
| Ida: Continuing with the main dialogue, we also saw Jeg måtte studere litt på dagen på lørdag |
| Eric: “I had to study a bit during the day on Saturday.” |
| Ida: The verb måtte in the past does not change its shape or ending from the infinitive form. |
| Eric: Since it's a modal verb, it has to be completed by a main verb, in this case... |
| Ida: å studere, |
| Eric: meaning “to study.” |
| Ida: While in English the “to” from the infinitive tense is included, in Norwegian å is excluded. |
| Eric: Now let’s quickly look at how to form the past tense for other verbs. When a verb is conjugated into the past tense, it will either change shape or gain a different ending. The most common way is that the verb gains a different ending than the present tense form or the infinitive form. |
| Ida: For example å klatre, “to climb,” becomes klatret in the past. |
| Eric: The past ending in this case is the letter -t |
| Ida: å kjøre “to drive” becomes kjørte in the past. |
| Eric: The past ending in this case is -te |
| Ida: å så “to sow” becomes sådde in the past. |
| Eric: The past ending in this case is -de |
| Ida: å få “to get” becomes fikk in the past. |
| Eric: The past ending in this case is -ikk |
| Ida: The four most common endings are -t, -te, -de, and -ikk. Out of these, the one you will hear most often is -te. However, the easiest way is to learn each verb by heart. |
| Eric: When you learn a verb, make sure to pick up its past tense forms as well. How you add the ending to the verb varies from verb to verb, so learning these individually is quite important. |
| Ida: Here are a couple of sample sentences to wrap up this lesson. First a simple one, Det var et lokalt jazzband. |
| Eric: "It was a local jazz band." |
| Ida: Now a more complex one. Jeg måtte studere litt på dagen på lørdag, men om kvelden gikk jeg på konsert. |
| Eric: "I had to study a bit during the day on Saturday, but in the evening I went to a concert." |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Ida: Ha det bra. |
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